Heat resistant hose

ABSTRACT

A heat resistant hose is described. The hose may include a first outer protective and structural woven reinforcing layer comprising a first tubular fabric structure, a second inner protective and structural woven reinforcing layer comprising a second tubular fabric structure, where the second inner protective and structural woven reinforcing layer is within the first outer protective and structural woven reinforcing layer, a hose innermost extruded waterproofing layer comprising an elastomeric material, the hose layer being bonded to, adhered to, or impregnated into or through the second protective layer, the innermost extruded waterproofing layer is within the inner protective and structural woven reinforcing layer, and an intermediate layer interposed between the first outer protective and structural woven reinforcing layer and the second inner protective and structural woven reinforcing layer, the intermediate layer comprising a fabric laminated with a reflective material.

This application is a continuation of U.S. application Ser. No.17/139,651, filed March Dec. 31, 2020, for HEAT RESISTANT HOSE, which inturn is a continuation of U.S. application Ser. No. 16/362,446, filedMar. 22, 2019, for HEAT RESISTANT HOSE, now U.S. Pat. No. 10,907,763,which are incorporated in their entirety herein by reference.

BACKGROUND

The following relates generally to a hose for transporting liquid, andmore specifically to a hose with radiant, conductive and convective heatresistance.

Hoses may be used for a variety of functions involving transportingliquid material from one location to another. In some cases, these hosesmay be subject to extreme environmental conditions. For example, hosesused for extinguishing fires may be subject to high levels of heat. Highheat levels and other environmental conditions may damage the hose,reduce the usable life of the hose, or render the hose unfit for itsintended purpose.

SUMMARY

A heat resistant hose is described. The hose may include a first outerprotective and structural woven reinforcing layer comprising a firsttubular fabric structure, a first polyester or nylon warp yamconstruction of the first outer protective and structural wovenreinforcing layer, wherein each strand is oriented parallel to alongitudinal hose axis, a first polyester or nylon weft yarnconstruction of the first outer protective and structural wovenreinforcing layer, wherein each strand is oriented circumferentially orhelically relative to the longitudinal hose axis, a second innerprotective and structural woven reinforcing layer comprising a secondtubular fabric structure, a second polyester or nylon warp yarnconstruction of the second inner protective and structural wovenreinforcing layer, wherein each strand is oriented parallel to alongitudinal hose axis, a second polyester or nylon weft yarnconstruction of the second inner protective and structural wovenreinforcing layer, wherein each strand is oriented circumferentially orhelically relative to the longitudinal hose axis, the second innerprotective and structural woven reinforcing layer is within the firstouter protective and structural woven reinforcing layer, a hoseinnermost extruded waterproofing layer comprising an elastomericmaterial, the hose layer being bonded to, adhered to, or impregnatedinto or through the second protective layer, the innermost extrudedwaterproofing layer is within the inner protective and structural wovenreinforcing layer, and an intermediate layer interposed between thefirst outer protective and structural woven reinforcing layer and thesecond inner protective and structural woven reinforcing layer, theintermediate layer comprising a fabric laminated with a reflectivematerial.

A method of manufacturing a hose is described. The method may includeproviding a first outer protective and structural woven reinforcinglayer comprising a first tubular fabric structure, providing a firstpolyester or nylon warp yarn construction of the first outer protectiveand structural woven reinforcing layer, wherein each strand is orientedparallel to a longitudinal hose axis, providing a first polyester ornylon weft yarn construction of the first outer protective andstructural woven reinforcing layer, wherein each strand is orientedcircumferentially or helically relative to the longitudinal hose axis,providing a second inner protective and structural woven reinforcinglayer comprising a second tubular fabric structure, providing a secondpolyester or nylon warp yarn construction of the second inner protectiveand structural woven reinforcing layer, wherein each strand is orientedparallel to a longitudinal hose axis, providing a second polyester ornylon weft yarn construction of the second inner protective andstructural woven reinforcing layer, wherein each strand is orientedcircumferentially or helically relative to the longitudinal hose axis,the second inner protective and structural woven reinforcing layer iswithin the first outer protective and structural woven reinforcinglayer, providing a hose innermost extruded waterproofing layercomprising an elastomeric material, the hose layer being bonded to,adhered to, or impregnated into or through the second protective layer,the innermost extruded waterproofing layer is within the innerprotective and structural woven reinforcing layer, and providing anintermediate layer interposed between the first outer protective andstructural woven reinforcing layer and the second inner protective andstructural woven reinforcing layer, the intermediate layer comprising afabric laminated with a reflective material.

In some examples of the hose and method described above, saidintermediate layer comprises a reflective foil. In some examples of thehose and method described above, said intermediate layer comprises atubular woven structure. In some examples of the hose and methoddescribed above, said intermediate layer comprises a flat wovenstructure formed into a tube and stitched with a sewn seam running alongthe length of the tube. In some examples of the hose and methoddescribed above, said intermediate layer comprises a flat non-wovenstructure formed into a tube and stitched with a sewn seam running alongthe length of the tube.

In some examples of the hose and method described above, said firstouter protective and structural woven reinforcing layer comprises atell-tale failure point indicator.

A heat resistant hose is described. The hose may include a first outerprotective and structural woven reinforcing layer comprising a firsttubular fabric structure, a first polyester or nylon warp yarnconstruction of the first outer protective and structural wovenreinforcing layer, wherein each strand is oriented parallel to alongitudinal hose axis, a first polyester or nylon weft yarnconstruction of the first outer protective and structural wovenreinforcing layer, wherein each strand is oriented circumferentially orhelically relative to the longitudinal hose axis, a second innerprotective and structural woven reinforcing layer comprising a secondtubular fabric structure, a second highly heat resistant warp yarn ofthe second inner protective and structural woven reinforcing layer,wherein each strand is oriented parallel to a longitudinal hose axis, asecond highly heat resistant weft yarn of the second inner protectiveand structural woven reinforcing layer, wherein each strand is orientedcircumferentially or helically relative to the longitudinal hose axis,the second inner protective and structural woven reinforcing layer iswithin the first outer protective and structural woven reinforcinglayer, a hose innermost extruded waterproofing layer comprising anelastomeric material, the hose layer being bonded to, adhered to, orimpregnated into or through the second protective layer, the innermostextruded waterproofing layer is within the inner protective andstructural woven reinforcing layer, and an intermediate layer interposedbetween the first outer protective and structural woven reinforcinglayer and the second inner protective and structural woven reinforcinglayer, the intermediate layer comprising a fabric laminated with areflective foil or other reflective material.

A method of manufacturing a hose is described. The method may includeproviding a first outer protective and structural woven reinforcinglayer comprising a first tubular fabric structure, providing a firstpolyester or nylon warp yarn construction of the first outer protectiveand structural woven reinforcing layer, wherein each strand is orientedparallel to a longitudinal hose axis, providing a first polyester ornylon weft yarn construction of the first outer protective andstructural woven reinforcing layer, wherein each strand is orientedcircumferentially or helically relative to the longitudinal hose axis,providing a second inner protective and structural woven reinforcinglayer comprising a second tubular fabric structure, providing a secondhighly heat resistant warp yarn of the second inner protective andstructural woven reinforcing layer, wherein each strand is orientedparallel to a longitudinal hose axis, providing a second highly heatresistant weft yarn of the second inner protective and structural wovenreinforcing layer, wherein each strand is oriented circumferentially orhelically relative to the longitudinal hose axis, the second innerprotective and structural woven reinforcing layer is within the firstouter protective and structural woven reinforcing layer, providing ahose innermost extruded waterproofing layer comprising an elastomericmaterial, the hose layer being bonded to, adhered to, or impregnatedinto or through the second protective layer, the innermost extrudedwaterproofing layer is within the inner protective and structural wovenreinforcing layer, and providing an intermediate layer interposedbetween the first outer protective and structural woven reinforcinglayer and the second inner protective and structural woven reinforcinglayer, the intermediate layer comprising a fabric laminated with areflective foil or other reflective material.

In some examples of the hose and method described above, said firstouter protective and structural woven reinforcing layer comprises atell-tale failure point indicator.

In some examples of the hose and method described above, said secondhighly heat resistant warp yam comprises strands that are wrapped in ayarn wrapping system. In some examples of the hose and method describedabove, said second highly heat resistant warp yarns are interlaced andintermingled with carded sliver fibers to form a friction spun/DREF yarntype. In some examples of the hose and method described above, saidsecond highly heat resistant warp yams are wrapped to form a core spunyam type. In some examples of the hose and method described above, saidsecond highly heat resistant warp yarns are wrapped to form a twistedcomposite yarn type. In some examples of the hose and method describedabove, said second highly heat resistant weft yam comprises strands thatare wrapped in a yarn wrapping system. In some examples of the hose andmethod described above, said second highly heat resistant weft yams areinterlaced and intermingled with carded sliver fibers to form a frictionspun/DREF yarn type. In some examples of the hose and method describedabove, said second highly heat resistant weft yarns are wrapped to forma core spun yarn type. In some examples of the hose and method describedabove, said second highly heat resistant weft yarns are wrapped to forma twisted composite yarn type. In some examples of the hose and methoddescribed above, said second highly heat resistant, high modulusmultifilament yarns are twisted to a high twist multiplierconfiguration, between 6 and 10 on the twist multiplier scale.

Some examples of the hose and method described above may further includea pair of longitudinal folding portions running the length of the heatresistant hose. Some examples of the hose and method described above mayfurther include higher denier multifilament or higher cotton count spunindividual warp yarns of said first polyester or nylon warp yarns atsaid folding portions. Some examples of the hose and method describedabove may further include a higher denier concentration or higher cottoncount concentration of the combined warp yarns of said first polyesteror nylon warp yarns at said folding portions only. Some examples of thehose and method described above may further include heavier denier orhigher cotton count of the highly heat resistant warp yarns at saidfolding portions of the second inner protective and structural wovenreinforcing layer. Some examples of the hose and method described abovemay further include a higher denier concentration or higher cotton countconcentration of the highly heat resistant warp yarns at said foldingportions of the second inner protective and structural woven reinforcinglayer. Some examples of the hose and method described above may includespun and twisted, friction spun/DREF, Core-Spun, or a twisted Compositefiber yarn structure in the second inner protective and structurallayer. Some examples of the hose and method described above may furtherinclude a thicker or heavier gauge elastomeric waterproofing material atsaid folding portions.

In some examples of the hose and method described above, said firstouter protective and structural woven reinforcing layer comprises aliquid polymer-based coating or impregnating material formulation. Insome examples of the hose and method described above, said liquidpolymer-based coating or impregnating material formulation includes aflame resistant, a flame retardant, or an intumescent material. In someexamples of the hose and method described above, said liquidpolymer-based coating or impregnating material formulation includes atemperature sensitive thermo-chromatic pigment. In some examples of thehose and method described above, said liquid polymer-based coating orimpregnating material formulation includes a reflective pigment. In someexamples of the hose and method described above, said liquidpolymer-based coating or impregnating material formulation includes aphoto-luminescent pigment. In some examples of the hose and methoddescribed above, said liquid polymer-based coating or impregnatingmaterial formulation includes retro-reflective pigment.

In some examples of the hose and method described above, said secondinner protective and structural woven reinforcing layer comprises aliquid polymer-based coating or impregnating material formulation. Insome examples of the hose and method described above, said liquidpolymer-based coating or impregnating material formulation includes aflame resistant, a flame retardant, or an intumescent material. In someexamples of the hose and method described above, said liquidpolymer-based coating or impregnating material formulation includes areflective pigment.

A heat resistant hose is described. The hose may include a first outerprotective and structural woven reinforcing layer comprising a firsttubular fabric structure, a first highly heat resistant warp yarn of thefirst outer protective and structural woven reinforcing layer, whereineach strand is oriented parallel to a longitudinal hose axis, a firsthighly heat resistant weft yarn of the first outer protective andstructural woven reinforcing layer, wherein each strand is orientedcircumferentially or helically relative to the longitudinal hose axis, asecond inner protective and structural woven reinforcing layercomprising a second tubular fabric structure, a second highly heatresistant warp yarn of the second inner protective and structural wovenreinforcing layer, wherein each strand is oriented parallel to alongitudinal hose axis, a second highly heat resistant weft yarn of thesecond inner protective and structural woven reinforcing layer, whereineach strand is oriented circumferentially or helically relative to thelongitudinal hose axis, the second inner protective and structural wovenreinforcing layer is within the first outer protective and structuralwoven reinforcing layer, a hose innermost extruded waterproofing layercomprising an elastomeric material, the hose layer being bonded to,adhered to, or impregnated into or through the second protective layer,the innermost extruded waterproofing layer is within the innerprotective and structural woven reinforcing layer, and an intermediatelayer interposed between the first outer protective and structural wovenreinforcing layer and the second inner protective and structural wovenreinforcing layer, the intermediate layer comprising a fabric laminatedwith a reflective foil or other reflective material.

A method of manufacturing a hose is described. The method may includeproviding a first outer protective and structural woven reinforcinglayer comprising a first tubular fabric structure, providing a firsthighly heat resistant warp yarn of the first outer protective andstructural woven reinforcing layer, wherein each strand is orientedparallel to a longitudinal hose axis, providing a first highly heatresistant weft yarn of the first outer protective and structural wovenreinforcing layer, wherein each strand is oriented circumferentially orhelically relative to the longitudinal hose axis, providing a secondinner protective and structural woven reinforcing layer comprising asecond tubular fabric structure, providing a second highly heatresistant warp yarn of the second inner protective and structural wovenreinforcing layer, wherein each strand is oriented parallel to alongitudinal hose axis, providing a second highly heat resistant weftyarn of the second inner protective and structural woven reinforcinglayer, wherein each strand is oriented circumferentially or helicallyrelative to the longitudinal hose axis, the second inner protective andstructural woven reinforcing layer is within the first outer protectiveand structural woven reinforcing layer, providing a hose innermostextruded waterproofing layer comprising an elastomeric material, thehose layer being bonded to, adhered to, or impregnated into or throughthe second protective layer, the innermost extruded waterproofing layeris within the inner protective and structural woven reinforcing layer,and providing an intermediate layer interposed between the first outerprotective and structural woven reinforcing layer and the second innerprotective and structural woven reinforcing layer, the intermediatelayer comprising a fabric laminated with a reflective foil or otherreflective material.

In some examples of the hose and method described above, said firstouter protective and structural woven reinforcing layer comprises atell-tale failure point indicator.

In some examples of the hose and method described above, said firsthighly heat resistant warp yarn comprises spun and twisted yams. In someexamples of the hose and method described above, said first highly heatresistant warp yarn comprises strands that are wrapped in a yarnwrapping system. In some examples of the hose and method describedabove, said first highly heat resistant warp yarns are interlaced andintermingled with carded sliver fiber to form a friction spun/DREF yarntype. In some examples of the hose and method described above, saidfirst highly heat resistant warp yams are wrapped to form a core spunyam type. In some examples of the hose and method described above, saidfirst highly heat resistant warp yarns are wrapped to form a twistedcomposite yarn type. In some examples of the hose and method describedabove, said first highly heat resistant weft yarn comprises strands thatare wrapped in a yarn wrapping system. In some examples of the hose andmethod described above, said first highly heat resistant weft yarns areinterlaced and intermingled with carded sliver fiber to form a frictionspun/DREF yam type. In some examples of the hose and method describedabove, said first highly heat resistant weft yarns are wrapped to form acore spun yam type. In some examples of the hose and method describedabove, said first highly heat resistant weft yarns are wrapped to form atwisted composite yarn type. In some examples of the hose and methoddescribed above, said first highly heat resistant multifilament weftyarns are twisted together using a twist multiplier from 6 to 10.

In some examples of the hose and method described above, said secondhighly heat resistant warp yarn comprises spun and twisted yarns. Insome examples of the hose and method described above, said second highlyheat resistant warp yarn comprises strands that are wrapped in a yarnwrapping system. In some examples of the hose and method describedabove, said second highly heat resistant warp yarns are interlaced andintermingled with carded sliver fiber to form a friction spun/DREF yarntype. In some examples of the hose and method described above, saidsecond highly heat resistant warp yarns are wrapped to form a core spunyarn type. In some examples of the hose and method described above, saidsecond highly heat resistant warp yarns are wrapped to form a twistedcomposite yarn type. In some examples of the hose and method describedabove, said second highly heat resistant weft yarn comprises strandsthat are wrapped in a yarn wrapping system. In some examples of the hoseand method described above, said second highly heat resistant weft yarnsare interlaced and intermingled with carded sliver fiber to form afriction spun/DREF yarn type. In some examples of the hose and methoddescribed above, said second highly heat resistant weft yarns arewrapped to form a core spun yarn type. In some examples of the hose andmethod described above, said second highly heat resistant weft yarns arewrapped to form a twisted composite yarn type. In some examples of thehose and method described above, said first highly heat resistantmultifilament weft yarns are twisted together using a twist multiplierfrom 6 to 10.

Some examples of the hose and method described above may further includea pair of longitudinal folding portions running the length of the heatresistant hose in the warp yarn direction. Some examples of the hose andmethod described above may further include higher denier or highercotton count of individual warp yarns of said first highly heatresistant warp yarns at said folding portions. Some examples of the hoseand method described above may further include a higher denierconcentration or higher cotton count concentration of the combined warpyarns of said first highly heat resistant warp yarns at said foldingportions. Some examples of the hose and method described above mayfurther include higher denier or higher cotton count of the highly heatresistant warp yarns at said folding portions of the second innerprotective and structural woven reinforcing layer. Some examples of thehose and method described above may further include a higher denierconcentration or higher cotton count concentration of the highly heatresistant warp yarns at said folding portions of the second innerprotective and structural woven reinforcing layer. Some examples of thehose and method described above may include spun and twisted, frictionspun/DREF, Core-Spun, or a twisted Composite fiber yarn structure in thesecond inner protective and structural layer. Some examples of the hoseand method described above may further include a thicker or heaviergauge, elastomeric waterproofing material at said folding portions.

In some examples of the hose and method described above, said firstouter protective and structural woven reinforcing layer comprises aliquid polymer-based coating or impregnating material formulation. Insome examples of the hose and method described above, said liquidpolymer-based coating or impregnating material formulation includes aflame resistant, a flame retardant, or an intumescent material. In someexamples of the hose and method described above, said liquidpolymer-based coating or impregnating material formulation includes atemperature sensitive thermo-chromatic pigment. In some examples of thehose and method described above, said liquid polymer-based coating orimpregnating material formulation includes a reflective pigment. In someexamples of the hose and method described above, said liquidpolymer-based coating or impregnating material formulation includes aphoto-luminescent pigment. In some examples of the hose and methoddescribed above, said liquid polymer-based coating or impregnatingmaterial formulation includes retro-reflective pigment.

In some examples of the hose and method described above, said secondinner protective and structural woven reinforcing layer comprises aliquid polymer-based coating or impregnating material formulation. Insome examples of the hose and method described above, said liquidpolymer-based coating or impregnating material formulation includes aflame resistant, a flame retardant, or an intumescent material. In someexamples of the hose and method described above, said liquidpolymer-based coating or impregnating material formulation includes areflective pigment.

A heat resistant hose is described. The hose may include a first outerprotective and structural woven reinforcing layer comprising a firsttubular fabric structure, a first polyester or nylon warp yarnconstruction of the first outer protective and structural wovenreinforcing layer, wherein each strand is oriented parallel to alongitudinal hose axis, a first polyester or nylon weft yarnconstruction of the first outer protective and structural wovenreinforcing layer, wherein each strand is oriented circumferentially orhelically relative to the longitudinal hose axis, a second innerprotective and structural woven reinforcing layer comprising a secondtubular fabric structure, a second polyester or nylon warp yarnconstruction of the second inner protective and structural wovenreinforcing layer, wherein each strand is oriented parallel to alongitudinal hose axis, a second polyester or nylon weft yarnconstruction of the second inner protective and structural wovenreinforcing layer, wherein each strand is oriented circumferentially orhelically relative to the longitudinal hose axis, the second innerprotective and structural woven reinforcing layer is within the firstouter protective and structural woven reinforcing layer, an intermediatelayer interposed between the first outer protective and structural wovenreinforcing layer and the second inner protective and structural wovenreinforcing layer, the intermediate layer comprising a fabric laminatedwith a reflective foil or other reflective material, a hose innermostextruded waterproofing layer comprising an elastomeric material, thehose layer being bonded to, adhered to, or impregnated into or throughthe second protective layer, and the innermost extruded waterproofinglayer is within the inner protective and structural woven reinforcinglayer, and where the hose innermost extruded waterproofing layercomprises a plurality of holes wherein the hose innermost extrudedwaterproofing later leaks, weeps, seeps or percolates in response to theheat resistant hose being pressurized.

A method of manufacturing a hose is described. The method may includeproviding a first outer protective and structural woven reinforcinglayer comprising a first tubular fabric structure, providing a firstpolyester or nylon warp yarn construction of the first outer protectiveand structural woven reinforcing layer, wherein each strand is orientedparallel to a longitudinal hose axis, providing a first polyester ornylon weft yarn construction of the first outer protective andstructural woven reinforcing layer, wherein each strand is orientedcircumferentially or helically relative to the longitudinal hose axis,providing a second inner protective and structural woven reinforcinglayer comprising a second tubular fabric structure, providing a secondpolyester or nylon warp yarn construction of the second inner protectiveand structural woven reinforcing layer, wherein each strand is orientedparallel to a longitudinal hose axis, providing a second polyester ornylon weft yarn construction of the second inner protective andstructural woven reinforcing layer, wherein each strand is orientedcircumferentially or helically relative to the longitudinal hose axis,the second inner protective and structural woven reinforcing layer iswithin the first outer protective and structural woven reinforcinglayer, providing an intermediate layer interposed between the firstouter protective and structural woven reinforcing layer and the secondinner protective and structural woven reinforcing layer, theintermediate layer comprising a fabric laminated with a reflective foilor other reflective material, providing a hose innermost extrudedwaterproofing layer comprising an elastomeric material, the hose layerbeing bonded to, adhered to, or impregnated into or through the secondprotective layer, and the innermost extruded waterproofing layer iswithin the inner protective and structural woven reinforcing layer, andwhere the hose innermost extruded waterproofing layer comprises aplurality of holes wherein the hose innermost extruded waterproofinglater leaks, weeps, seeps or percolates in response to the heatresistant hose being pressurized.

In some examples of the hose and method described above, said pluralityof holes comprises a plurality of pricked holes. In some examples of thehose and method described above, said plurality of holes comprises aplurality of laser piercings. In some examples of the hose and methoddescribed above, said plurality of holes comprise a plurality of opencells formed with the addition of an open cell blowing agent. In someexamples of the hose and method described above, said plurality of holescomprise small particle size thermoplastic polymer of a lower melt pointthan a base thermoplastic polyurethane or thermoplastic rubber matrix,wherein the holes open when the heat resistant hose is exposed to atemperature in excess of a threshold temperature.

A heat resistant hose is described. The hose may include a first outerprotective and structural woven reinforcing layer comprising a firsttubular fabric structure, a first highly heat resistant warp yarn of thefirst outer protective and structural woven reinforcing layer, whereineach strand is oriented parallel to a longitudinal hose axis, a firsthighly heat resistant weft yarn of the first outer protective andstructural woven reinforcing layer, wherein each strand is orientedcircumferentially or helically relative to the longitudinal hose axis, asecond inner protective and structural woven reinforcing layercomprising a second tubular fabric structure, a second highly heatresistant warp yarn of the second inner protective and structural wovenreinforcing layer, wherein each strand is oriented parallel to alongitudinal hose axis, a second highly heat resistant weft yarn of thesecond inner protective and structural woven reinforcing layer, whereineach strand is oriented circumferentially or helically relative to thelongitudinal hose axis, the second inner protective and structural wovenreinforcing layer is within the first outer protective and structuralwoven reinforcing layer, an intermediate layer interposed between thefirst outer protective and structural woven reinforcing layer and thesecond inner protective and structural woven reinforcing layer, theintermediate layer comprising a fabric laminated with a reflective foilor other reflective material, a hose innermost extruded waterproofinglayer comprising an elastomeric material, the hose layer being bondedto, adhered to, or impregnated into or through the second protectivelayer, and the innermost extruded waterproofing layer is within theinner protective and structural woven reinforcing layer, and where thehose innermost extruded waterproofing layer comprises a plurality ofholes wherein the hose innermost extruded waterproofing liner leaks,weeps, seeps or percolates in response to the heat resistant hose beingpressurized.

A method of manufacturing a hose is described. The method may includeproviding a first outer protective and structural woven reinforcinglayer comprising a first tubular fabric structure, providing a firsthighly heat resistant warp yarn of the first outer protective andstructural woven reinforcing layer, wherein each strand is orientedparallel to a longitudinal hose axis, providing a first highly heatresistant weft yarn of the first outer protective and structural wovenreinforcing layer, wherein each strand is oriented circumferentially orhelically relative to the longitudinal hose axis, providing a secondinner protective and structural woven reinforcing layer comprising asecond tubular fabric structure, providing a second highly heatresistant warp yarn of the second inner protective and structural wovenreinforcing layer, wherein each strand is oriented parallel to alongitudinal hose axis, providing a second highly heat resistant weftyarn of the second inner protective and structural woven reinforcinglayer, wherein each strand is oriented circumferentially or helicallyrelative to the longitudinal hose axis, the second inner protective andstructural woven reinforcing layer is within the first outer protectiveand structural woven reinforcing layer, providing an intermediate layerinterposed between the first outer protective and structural wovenreinforcing layer and the second inner protective and structural wovenreinforcing layer, the intermediate layer comprising a fabric laminatedwith a reflective foil or other reflective material, providing a hoseinnermost extruded waterproofing layer comprising an elastomericmaterial, the hose layer being bonded to, adhered to, or impregnatedinto or through the second protective layer, and the innermost extrudedwaterproofing layer is within the inner protective and structural wovenreinforcing layer, and where the hose innermost extruded waterproofinglayer comprises a plurality of holes wherein the hose innermost extrudedwaterproofing liner leaks, weeps, seeps or percolates in response to theheat resistant hose being pressurized.

In some examples of the hose and method described above, said pluralityof holes comprises a plurality of pricked holes. In some examples of thehose and method described above, said plurality of holes comprises aplurality of laser piercings. In some examples of the hose and methoddescribed above, said plurality of holes comprise a plurality of opencells formed with the addition of an open cell blowing agent. In someexamples of the hose and method described above, said plurality of holescomprise small particle size thermoplastic polymer of a lower melt pointthan a base thermoplastic polyurethane or thermoplastic rubber matrix,wherein the holes open when the heat resistant hose is exposed to atemperature in excess of a threshold temperature.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

FIG. 1 shows an example of a hose with a thermoplastic polyurethane(TPU) innermost layer in accordance with aspects of the presentdisclosure.

FIG. 2 shows an example of a hose with a rubber innermost layer inaccordance with aspects of the present disclosure.

FIGS. 3 through 5 show examples of a process for producing a heatresistant hose in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

A fire department attack hose, also referred to as a double jacketattack hose, may consist of the following three layers: be an outer highstrength circular woven tubular reinforcing fabric layer, be an innerhigh strength circular woven tubular reinforcing fabric layer, and aninner elastomeric waterproofing layer.

The first layer may be an outer high strength circular woven tubularreinforcing fabric layer composed of a spun staple polyester warp yarn,a continuous filament polyester warp yarn, or a continuous filamentnylon 66 warp yarn, with each warp yarn strand oriented parallel to thelongitudinal hose axis, and which may be twisted or cabled,air-textured, entangled, or otherwise processed to create a cohesiveyarn bundle; and a continuous filament polyester or continuous filamentnylon weft yarn, with each weft yarn strand oriented in acircumferential or helical yarn arrangement, surrounding thelongitudinal hose axis, and which is circular woven to form a continuoustubular structure. This outer high strength circular woven tubularreinforcing fabric layer may or may not be coated or impregnated with acolored polymer based liquid coating material, consisting of apolyurethane dispersion, an acrylic emulsion, a natural or syntheticrubber latex, or other similar polymer based liquid materials. Theintent of this applied coating material may be to (a), improve andenhance the abrasion resistance of the woven outer reinforcing layer,(b), to reduce the water absorption of the woven outer reinforcing layerand complete hose assembly, (c), to improve the visibility of thecomplete hose assembly (yellow, white or other bright coating colors),which is important when the hose assembly is deployed in an outdoorenvironment such as a street at night, or when deployed in dark interiorenvironments and (d), to provide color coding for identificationpurposes of the fire hose assembly.

The second layer may be an inner high strength circular woven tubularreinforcing fabric layer composed of a spun staple polyester, acontinuous filament polyester or a continuous filament nylon 66 warpyarn, with each warp yarn strand oriented parallel to the longitudinalhose axis, and which may be twisted or cabled, air-textured, entangled,or otherwise processed to create a cohesive yarn bundle, and acontinuous filament polyester or continuous filament nylon weft yarn,with each weft yarn strand oriented in a circumferential or helical yarnarrangement, surrounding the longitudinal hose axis, which is woven toform a continuous tubular woven structure, and which is normallyuncoated.

The third layer may be an inner elastomeric waterproofing material thatmay be composed of either a vulcanized rubber liner, a TPU liner, orother elastomeric waterproofing material produced by an extrusionprocess, with said inner waterproofing tubular material being bonded oradhered to the inner high strength circular woven tubular reinforcingfabric layer with either a vulcanized rubber backing layer, a hot meltadhesive layer, or by direct bonding the waterproofing inner liner tothe innermost high strength circular woven reinforcing fabric layer.Another waterproofing method includes incorporating a through-the-weaveextrusion process to encapsulate the inner reinforcing fabric layer witha vulcanized rubber, thermoplastic polyurethane, or other elastomericwaterproofing material.

The purpose of these three layers is as follows: first, the outer highstrength circular woven tubular reinforcing fabric layer is designed tocontain the high levels of static and dynamic hydraulic pressurecontained within the hose assembly during hose testing and in-serviceconditions, as well as to protect the other components from the effectsof heat exposure, cutting, abrasion and other external environmentalfactors that may damage the inner high strength circular woven tubularreinforcing fabric layer described above, as well as the innerelastomeric waterproofing material described above; second, the innerhigh strength circular woven tubular reinforcing fabric layer isdesigned to contain the high levels of static and dynamic hydraulicpressure contained within the hose assembly during hose testing andin-service conditions and also contributes significantly to achieve theprimary burst pressure capability of the overall hose construction; andthird, the inner elastomeric waterproofing material layer which containsthe liquid fire extinguishing media within the inner high strengthcircular woven tubular reinforcing fabric layer and completed hoseassembly. This liquid fire extinguishing media may include water, waterwith a foam inducing agent, or other liquid fire extinguishingmaterials.

In some cases, the waterproofing inner lining may or may not be designedto demonstrate a capability to leak, weep, seep or percolate water,water with a foam inducing agent, or other liquid fire extinguishingmaterials to the surface of the hose assembly when pressurized, therebyproviding an additional thermal absorption capability by either directcooling and/or evaporative cooling effects, in order to preserve thehose assembly structural integrity when subjected to extreme heatexposure and other firefighting conditions. Presently, this weeping,leaking or seeping capability is created by piercing the waterproofinginner lining with a pinned piercing device, or by weaving a special warpyarn in various locations around the circumference of the hose.

The inner or outer reinforcing layers may comprise either organic orinorganic material. Synthetic organic and natural fibers may have thefollowing two characteristics: a melt point (MP) of 350 degrees C./662degrees F. or greater (including synthetic organic and natural fibersthat exhibit no melt point), and a Limiting Oxygen Index (LOI) greaterthan or equal to 25 (i.e., the environment must have an oxygen contentof 25% or greater in order for the fiber to burn). Inorganic fibers mayexhibit the following two characteristics: a melt point (MP) of 1000degrees C. or greater, and a Limiting Oxygen Index (LOI) of 100 (thismeans that the environment must have an oxygen content of 100% in orderfor the fiber to burn).

Examples of Synthetic organic and natural fibers that meet criteria A:meta-aramid (Nomex, Conex, etc.), para-aramid (Kevlar, Twaron,Technora), PBI, PBO (Zylon), Polyimid (P84), Melamine Formaldehyde(Basofil), Modacrylic/Acrylic Co-polymer (Protex), Polyacrylate(Pyrotex), Polyacrylate co-polymer super absorbent (Oasis), PTFE(Teflon), Polyetherimide/PEI (Ultem), Novaloid (Phenolic), Oxidized PAN(Panox), Carbon (Panex), Cotton FR, Viscose Rayon (Lenzing FR)— Many ofthese fibers are blended together in spun and twisted, multifilamenttwisted, friction spun/DREF, core spun and twisted composite yarnconstructions to maximize properties and reduce cost. Examples ofInorganic fiber that meet criteria B: Stainless Steel (Bekinox), D and EGlass (Fiberglass), Basalt—note that these inorganic materials may bedifficult to process and may experience other limitations in theseapplications.

In a first embodiment, in addition to the outer and inner circular wovenreinforcing layers, an intermediate layer inserted between the outer andinner circular woven reinforcing layers shall consist of a light weightwoven fabric or non-woven fabric layer laminated with a reflective foilor other similar reflective material layer. This intermediate layerinserted between the outer and inner circular woven reinforcing layersshall function primarily to reflect a significant amount of radiant heatenergy away from the inner high strength circular woven tubularreinforcing fabric layer, as well as the inner waterproofing elastomericmaterial produced by an extrusion process, and also to protect thecritical adhesive bond, direct bond, or through-the-weave bond, therebyproviding radiant heat damage protection for these components. Theintermediate layer inserted between the outer and inner circular wovenreinforcing layers as referenced above will also provide additionalinsulation protection to the inner high strength circular woven tubularreinforcing fabric layer, as well as the inner waterproofing elastomericmaterial produced by an extrusion process, thereby further reducingdamage from conductive and convective heat effects.

The intermediate layer inserted between the outer and inner circularwoven reinforcing layers shall consist of a light weight woven fabric ornon-woven fabric layer laminated with a reflective foil or other similarreflective material layer, and may be composed of either a tubular wovenstructure, or may be assembled from flat woven fabric backed foil orother reflective material laminate, or from flat non-woven fabric backedfoil or reflective material laminate, which is converted to a stitchedtube with a sewn seam running along the longitudinal axis of thestitched tubular structure.

In the basic version of the first embodiment, the primary purpose of theouter reinforcing high strength circular woven tubular fabric layer isto protect the intermediate radiant heat reflective foil and scrimfabric layer, the inner high strength circular woven tubular reinforcingfabric layer, and the inner elastomeric waterproofing material layerfrom damage due to cutting, abrasion, snagging or other wear conditions,as well as protecting these components from Ultra-Violet light, all ofwhich may damage and compromise the pressure and heat resistancecapability of these layers. It may consist of a conventional outerreinforcing high strength circular woven tubular fabric layer composedof a spun staple polyester or continuous filament polyester orcontinuous filament nylon warp yarn along the longitudinal axis, whichmay be twisted, air-textured or otherwise processed to create a cohesiveyarn bundle, and a continuous filament polyester or continuous filamentnylon weft yarn or circumferential yarn, which is woven to form acontinuous tubular woven structure, and with said outer reinforcinglayer that may or may not be coated or impregnated with a coloredpolymer based coating material consisting of polyurethane dispersion,acrylic emulsion, synthetic rubber latex, or other similar polymer basedmaterials, in order to reduce water absorption by the completed firehose structure, to improve and enhance abrasion resistance of the firehose, to increase the visibility of the hose, especially when deployedin an outdoor environment at night or in other dark interiorenvironments (yellow, white, other light or bright colored pigments), orfor other color-coded identification purposes. Therefore, the outerreinforcing high strength circular woven tubular fabric layer maymaintain a normal function for a conventional outer reinforcing highstrength circular woven tubular fabric layer.

Describing another feature of this basic version of the firstembodiment, the outer reinforcing high strength circular woven tubularfabric layer, which is not protected from higher levels of radiant,conductive or convective heat damage due to the position of theintermediate reflective layer below and underneath the outer circularwoven reinforcing layers, said outer reinforcing high strength circularwoven tubular fabric layer may provide an additional function toindicate when the hose assembly has been exposed to extreme short term,or severe long term radiant, conductive and/or convective heat exposure,thereby providing a visual indicator or “tell-tale” function that thehose assembly should be removed from service and replaced. This visualindicator or “tell-tale” function may be observed as melting, charringor burning of the outer reinforcing high strength circular woven tubularfabric layer, thereby indicating that the longer term structuralintegrity of the hose assembly has been compromised as a result ofsevere thermal trauma to the hose assembly as a whole, and to thevarious individual components of the hose assembly.

In a second embodiment, the warp yarn fiber material for the outer highstrength circular woven tubular reinforcing fabric layer, and/or theinner high strength circular woven tubular reinforcing fabric layer maybe composed of the following fiber types and classes, with major tradenames listed, although other tradenames are commercially available:Kevlar®, or Technora® (para-aramid); Nomex® or Conex® (meta-aramid);Spectra® or Dyneema® (High Density Polyethylene); P-84™ (co-polyimide);Vectran® (Polyarylate); Zylon® PBO (poly-p-phenylenebenzobisaxazole);PBI Gold® (polybenzimiazole); Torcon® or Axxel® (Polyphenylene Sulfide);Basofil R (melamine formaldehyde); Dolanit® (Homopolymer Acrylic);Protex® (Modacrylic); Teflon® (Polytetrafluroethylene); Rhoyvl FR®(PVC); ULTEM® (Polyetherimide); Kynol™ (phenol); Zyex®((Polyetheretherketone); Panex® (Carbon); Basalt; Fiberglass; or otherhigh strength, highly heat resistant single fiber yarn or a blend ofmultiple fiber types thereof. This warp yarn can be composed of thefollowing yarn structures: 1, spun and twisted multiple plied staplesingle fiber or multi fiber blend yarns, 2, multifilament twisted singlefiber yarns, 3, composite yarns composed of two or more differentpolymer types in a sheath-core, or a side-by-side (bilateral) relation,4, friction spun/DREF yarns, typically composed of a multifilament coreyarn, with a carded and drafted sliver of staple fiber of either thesame or a different fiber type, which is interlaced or intermingled intothe multifilament core, 5, a hybrid multifilament twisted combination oftwo or more different fiber types, such as Kevlar® and polyester,Kevlar® and nylon 66, or another combination of two or moremulti-filament yarn types, or 6, a core spun yarn, formed by twisting orwrapping fibers around a multifilament or spun yarn core, thusconcealing the core with the wrapping yarns.

The weft yarn fiber material for the outer high strength circular woventubular reinforcing fabric layer, and/or the inner high strengthcircular woven tubular reinforcing fabric layer may be composed of thefollowing fiber types and classes, with major trade names listed,although other tradenames are commercially available: Kevlar®, orTechnora® (para-aramid); Nomex® or Conex® (meta-aramid); Spectra® orDyneema® (High Density Polyethylene); P-84™ (co-polyimide); Vectran®(Polyarylate); Zylon® PBO (poly-p-phenylenebenzobisaxazole); PBI Gold®(polybenzimiazole); Torcon® or Axxel® (Polyphenylene Sulfide); Basofil®(melamine formaldehyde); Dolanit® (Homopolymer Acrylic); Protex®(Modacrylic); Teflon® (Polytetrafluroethylene); Rhoyvl FR® (PVC); ULTEM®(Polyetherimide); Kynol™ (phenol); Zyex® ((Polyetheretherketone); Panex®(Carbon); Basalt; Fiberglass; or other high strength, high heatresistance single fiber yarn materials, or a blend thereof. This weftyarn can be composed of the following yarn structures: 1, multi-filamenttwisted single fiber yarns, 2, composite yarns composed of two or moredifferent polymer types in a sheath-core, or a side-by-side (bilateral)relation, 3, friction spun/DREF yarn, typically composed of amulti-filament core yarn, with a carded and drafted sliver of staplefiber of either the same or a different fiber type, interlaced orintermingled into the multi-filament core yarn, 4, a hybrid twistedmulti-filament combination of two or more different fiber types, such asKevlar® and polyester, Kevlar® and nylon 66, or another combination oftwo or more multi-filament yarn types, or 5, a core spun yarn, formed bytwisting or wrapping fibers around a multifilament or spun yarn core,thus concealing the core with the wrapping yarns.

In a third embodiment, the warp and/or weft yarn of the outer and/or theinner high strength circular woven tubular reinforcing fabric layer iscomposed of: 1, a modified composite yarn structure, specifically beingassembled as a composite yarn having a central axis core ofmulti-filament yarn which is covered or wrapped with a spun staple yarncomposed of either the same or a different fiber type from the coreyarn, or 2, a friction spun/DREF yarn, consisting of a multifilamentcore yarn, with a carded and drafted sliver of staple fiber composed ofeither the same or a different fiber type from the core yarn, andinterlaced and intermingled into the multi-filament core. In both of theexamples of yarn structure described above, the covered or wrapped, orinterlaced and intermingled staple yarn layer will protect themulti-filament core warp yarn, and the multifilament core weft yarntensile strength members, such as Kevlar®, fiberglass, or othermulti-filament fibers, by providing a protective physical barrier layer,separation layer, chaffing prevention layer, or a sacrificial fiberlayer in order to protect the core weft yarn from various types offatigue, including flex fatigue (compression, or a combination ofcompression and abrasion), and from cross fiber abrasion fatigue withthe warp yarn.

The composite yarn covering or wrapping staple fiber, or the frictionspun/DREF yarn interlaced and intermingled with a carded and draftedsliver of staple fiber, may consist of a highly temperature resistant,normal abrasion resistant, and lower tenacity staple fiber includingNomex®, PBI Gold®, Teflon®, or other similar staple yarns, therebymaintaining the heat resistant characteristics of the present inventionwhile also taking advantage of the highly heat resistant, high tenacitycore yarn, such as Kevlar, fiberglass, or other similar multifilamentfibers. Alternately, the composite yarn covering or wrapping staplefiber, or the friction spun/DREF yarn interlaced or intermingled with acarded and drafted sliver of staple fiber, may consist of a normaltemperature resistance, normal abrasion resistance, and/or a normal hightenacity staple fiber, including standard polyester, nylon 66, or othercommon staple fibers, while also taking advantage of the highly heatresistant, high tenacity core yarn, such as Kevlar, fiberglass, or othermultifilament fibers. In this manner, the characteristics of the fibermay be adjusted and modified to achieve specific yarn properties usingthe large variety of fiber types available to the market.

One reason for the third embodiment is to overcome known and seriousadverse phenomena that many highly heat resistant, high tenacity, highmodulus and/or highly oriented multifilament yarns, such as Kevlar®,Spectra®, Vectran®, Zylon®, fiberglass, and others experience whenincorporated as a warp and/or weft yarn, especially in a load bearingstructure such as fire hose. In general, these types of fibers typicallyexhibit poor fatigue resistance, including flex fatigue, abrasionfatigue, or tension-tension fatigue as mentioned previously. Flexfatigue is the result of compression, or compression and abrasion, whichoccurs when the yarn is subjected to repeated flexing or bending over agiven radius. The most damaging type of flex fatigue results fromcompression of the fiber, as well as when compression and abrasion occurat the same time. This circumstance exists in all fire hoseconstructions due to the crimp forces applied to both the warp and weftyarn, and which is inherent due to the weaving process and fabricstructure. This flex fatigue phenomenon is also present amplified in allweft yarn for the following reasons. During the circular weavingprocess, the fabric is pulled from the circular weaving loom undertremendous tension, as well as being subjected to a high level ofpressure which is exerted by the take-off rolls of the loom during theweaving process, thereby flattening and sharply creasing the previouslycircular configuration of the woven fabric along two folds, located 180degrees apart, as the woven fabric exits the loom. These two folds arepermanent in nature and exist for the life of the hose. Conversely, whenthe hose is pressurized, the cross-section becomes round, with thecreases or folds are no longer present. Then, upon discharging thepressure and flattening the folds of the hose again, which occurs in thesame locations 180 degrees apart in the hose construction, the weftyarns in the folded area again are returned to the compressedconfiguration. With many highly heat resistant, high tenacity, highmodulus and/or highly oriented multi-filament yarns, such as Kevlar®,Spectra®, Vectran®, Zylon®, fiberglass, as well as others, the normalfolding and compression stresses that occur along the two folds orlay-flat edges of the unpressurized hose, which are then flexed againduring pressurization of the hose assembly, will lead to a significantreduction of weft yarn tensile strength with time and repeated cycles ofpressurization/depressurization due to the effects of flex fatigue. Thisreduction of pressure capability for the completed hose assembly, due tothe loss of weft yarn tensile strength, is not evident unless adestructive burst pressure test is conducted on the complete hoseassembly.

As these fibers also exhibit only fair to poor inherent abrasion fatigueresistance, they are therefore subject to cross-fiber abrasion damage atthe interstices of the woven structure, where there is perpendicular,tangential rubbing contact with the multi-filament or spun staple warpyarn, and the weft yarn. This cross-fiber abrasion fatigue is the resultof the cyclical and repeated increase and release of internal pressurewithin the hose assembly, creating a perpendicular, tangential sawing orcutting action as both the warp and weft yarns elongate under pressure,and relax and recover due to the elastic recovery properties of the yarnwhen de-pressurized. Also, there is additional tension-tension fatigue,occurring when the internal molecular and crystalline structure issubjected to pull-pull type fatigue action, which can occur when thepressure within the hose is varied. These phenomena have beendemonstrated to reduce the pressure capability of the hose assemblyfollowing a limited number of pressurization and depressurizationcycles, resulting in reduced functionality of the fire hose assembly.The loss of warp and/or weft yarn strength results in a loss of pressurecapability for the hose assembly, including: reduced burst pressure,reduced acceptance or proof pressure, reduced service test pressure, andreduced normal highest operating pressure capability due to thereduction of the warp yarn strength, and the resulting reduction of endforce load bearing capability, and the reduction of the weft yarnstrength, and the resulting reduction of hoop force load bearingcapability of the reinforcing yarns. This loss of warp and weft yarntensile strength is not evident by physical examination of the fire hoseassembly and requires that a destructive burst pressure test beconducted in order to determine the degree of this loss of pressurecapability.

In order to minimize or eliminate this loss of weft yarn tensilestrength due to the normal folding and compression stresses that occuralong the two folds or lay-flat edges of the woven jacket and thecompleted hose assembly, the third embodiment may incorporate one ormore of the following: 1, a composite yarn construction having a centralaxis core of multifilament yarn, which is covered or wrapped with astaple fiber yarn composed of either the same or a different fiber fromthe core yarn, 2, the friction spun/DREF yarn construction, consistingof a multi-filament core yarn, with a carded and drafted sliver ofstaple fiber composed of either the same or a different fiber from thecore yarn, and inter-laced or inter-mingled into the multi-filamentcore, and 3, increasing the twist level or twist multiplier of themultifilament twisted yarn, to a twist multiplier level in the range of6 to 10. Any of these three weft yarn structures, whether incorporatedindependently or in combination, would reduce or minimize the foldingand compression stresses that occur along the two folds or lay-flatedges of the woven fabric jackets, as well as the completed hoseassembly, when compared to a conventionally twisted, low twistmultiplier multifilament yarn. The present invention achieves asignificant improvement because the modified yarn cross-section createdwith the above described composite weft yarn structure, the frictionspun/DREF weft yarn forming processes, or with the increased twist levelor twist multiplier of the multifilament twisted yarn structure,increases the stiffness and rigidity of the weft yarns, as well asreducing the severity and degree of the sharp bending and compressionforces in the locations where yarn crimping and folding occur, therebyalso reducing or eliminating the associated loss of strength due to thenormal folding and compression stresses, and fatigue resistance problemsnoted above.

Another improvement to the third embodiment may be affected byincreasing the total denier of the multi-filament core weft yarn,thereby increasing the overall yarn diameter and yarn denier, as well asincreasing the torsional stiffness and structural rigidity of the weftyarn bundle. This would also further reduce and minimize the severityand degree of the sharp, permanent creases that form along the two foldsor lay-flat edges of the woven lay-flat jacket during the weavingprocess, therefore also reducing or eliminating the associated loss ofstrength due to the normal folding and compression stresses.

Further improvements to minimize the flattening and creasing of thewoven reinforcing inner fabric layer can be effected by modifying thedesign of the inner elastomeric waterproofing material which may becomposed of either a vulcanized rubber liner, a thermoplasticpolyurethane liner, or other elastomeric waterproofing material producedby an extrusion process, with said inner waterproofing tubular materialbeing bonded or adhered to the inner high strength circular woventubular reinforcing fabric layer with either a vulcanized rubber backinglayer, a hot melt adhesive layer, or by direct bonding the waterproofinginner liner to the innermost high strength circular woven reinforcingfabric layer, or another waterproofing method which includesincorporating a through-the-weave extrusion process to encapsulate theinner reinforcing fabric layer with a vulcanized rubber, a thermoplasticpolyurethane, or other elastomeric waterproofing material. Thesemodifications may include one or more of the following features: 1,increase the radius along the two folds or lay-flat edges of the innerelastomeric waterproofing liner during the extrusion and curing processif curing or vulcanization is required, 2, increasing the gauge orthickness of the inner elastomeric waterproofing liner along andadjacent to the two folds or lay-flat edges only, such as by using amodified extrusion pin and die that generates a heavier innerelastomeric waterproofing liner along the two folds or lay-flat edges ofthe liner, 3, by increasing the total gauge or thickness of the innerelastomeric waterproofing liner equally around the entire cross-sectionof the inner elastomeric waterproofing liner, 4, by increasing thedurometer hardness of the inner elastomeric waterproofing liner, and 5,increasing the total denier, total yarn count, or total number of warpends present around the circumference of the jacket. Item 5 above iseven more effective if additional warp ends are concentrated in the twonormal folds or lay-flat edges of a given construction.

In a fourth embodiment of the current invention, the outer circularwoven reinforcing high strength tubular fabric layer may be coated orimpregnated with a liquid polymer-based material, which may incorporatea flame resistant, flame retardant, or intumescent functionality, or anycombination of these three components as a result of incorporatingspecific additive materials to the basic coating formulae. A flameresistant or flame retardant coating additive would inhibit, suppress,or delay the production of flames to prevent the spread of fire alongthe hose assembly. An intumescent functional material would swell orexpand as a result of heat exposure, thus increasing in volume anddecreasing in density, and thereby insulating the base material fromheat and minimizing the associated heat damage. These flame resistant,flame retardant, and/or intumescent functional coating additives wouldtherefore improve the intensity and duration of thermal trauma that thehose assembly will withstand without rupturing or bursting, therebyprotecting the capability of the hose assembly to provide fireextinguishing fluids to the fire.

A further refinement of this fourth embodiment of the current inventionmay be to incorporate a temperature sensitive, reversiblethermo-chromatic pigment or dye into the colored polymer based coatingmaterial applied to the outer reinforcing high strength circular woventubular fabric layer, which would change color temporarily from theinitial color only while exposed to a given threshold level or greaterof elevated temperature, and thereafter reverting to the original colorfollowing removal of the coated fire hose assembly from the elevatedtemperature environment. This change in color could give firefightingpersonnel critical immediate feedback concerned with reaching aparticular threshold temperature in the fire environment, therebyproviding these personnel an opportunity to abandon their position andretreat to a safer thermal environment before sustaining burn and otherheat related injuries or death. This refinement also provides anopportunity through coating re-formulation or through the selection of adifferent reversible thermo-chromatic pigment or dye, to adjust ormodify the threshold temperature level where this reversible colorchange occurs.

Another refinement of this fourth embodiment of the current inventionmay be to incorporate a temperature sensitive, irreversiblethermo-chromatic pigment or dye into the colored polymer based coatingmaterial applied to the outer reinforcing high strength circular woventubular fabric layer, which would change color from the initial color,permanently and irreversibly to a different color following exposure toa given threshold or triggering level of elevated temperature,thereafter maintaining the changed color after removal of the coatedfire hose assembly from the elevated temperature environment. Thispermanent color change would give firefighting personnel the opportunityto inspect or remove from service fire hose assemblies that may not bevisibly damaged from a high or extreme level of thermal exposure, butwhich may have experienced structural damage, resulting in reducedpressure capability of the hose assembly. Also, this change in colorcould give firefighting personnel critical immediate feedback concernedwith reaching a particular threshold temperature in the fireenvironment, thereby providing firefighting personnel an opportunity toabandon their position and retreat to a safer thermal environment beforesustaining burn and other heat related injuries or death. Thisrefinement also provides an opportunity through coating re-formulationor through the selection of a different irreversible thermo-chromaticpigment or dye, to adjust or modify the threshold temperature levelwhere this irreversible color change occurs.

Another refinement of this fourth embodiment of the current inventionmay be to incorporate a highly reflective, bright white pigment, such asTitanium Dioxide or similar material, or a silver colored or highlyreflective metallic pigment, such as an Aluminum based or other metallicreflective pigment type, into the polymer based coating material inorder to reflect damaging radiant heat energy away from the hose outerand inner jacket structure, as well as the inner elastomericwaterproofing material, in order to better protect these components fromradiant heat damage. This refined reflective coating could be applied tothe outer reinforcing high strength circular woven tubular fabric layeronly, to the inner reinforcing high strength circular woven tubularfabric layer only, or to both the inner and outer reinforcing highstrength circular woven tubular fabric layers.

Another refinement of the present invention may be to incorporate aphoto-luminescent pigment into the polymer based coating or impregnatingmaterial applied to the outer reinforcing high strength circular woventubular fabric layer, thereby absorbing available light energy andstoring it within the pigment structure, which is then emitted asvisible light when the coated hose assembly is introduced to a darkenedenvironment. This photo-luminescent characteristic could provide thefirefighter with a defined means of egress from a hazardous environmentby following the hose line should rapid evacuation be necessary, and bytracing the path of the hose out of the structure and towards the fireengine to which it is connected. This characteristic would also reducethe tripping hazard obstacle created by the presence of a charged orpressurized hose assembly, especially in a darkened environment.

Another refinement of the fourth embodiment of the current invention maybe to combine retro-reflective pigments into the polymer based coatingor impregnating material applied to the outer reinforcing high strengthcircular woven tubular fabric layer, thereby reflecting availableambient and/or artificial light source, such as from a portableflashlight, permanent street or structural lighting, or motor vehiclehead lights, and which would also provide the firefighter with a definedmeans of egress from a hazardous environment by following the hose lineshould rapid evacuation be necessary, by tracing the path of the hoseout of the structure and towards the fire engine to which it isconnected.

In addition, the incorporation of a retro-reflective pigment materialinto the polymer based coating or impregnating material applied to theouter reinforcing high strength circular woven tubular fabric layerwould also function to reflect damaging radiant heat energy away fromthe outer reinforcing high strength circular woven tubular fabric layer,thereby reducing radiant heat damage to the hose assembly.

One or more of the above mentioned fourth embodiment coating refinementsmay be incorporated into a single hose assembly, including: 1, a flameresistant, flame retardant, or intumescent functional materials, 2,incorporating a temperature sensitive, reversible thermo-chromaticpigment or dye into the colored polymer based coating material, 3,incorporating a temperature sensitive, irreversible thermo-chromaticpigment or dye into the colored polymer based coating material, 4, ahighly-reflective metallic pigment, such as Aluminum based or othermetallic reflective pigment type, into the polymer based coatingmaterial, 5, incorporating a photo-luminescent pigment into the polymerbased coating or impregnating material, or 6, incorporating aretro-reflective pigment into the polymer based coating or impregnatingmaterial, thereby increasing the range of additional protectionavailable with variations to the coating formulation.

The fifth embodiment of the current invention includes an improvedcontrolled leaking, weeping, seeping or percolating feature which mayoccur whenever the hose is pressurized or charged, or only when the hosehas achieved a high threshold level of thermal exposure or assault only.In either case, the controlled leaking, weeping or seeping of water,water with a foam inducing agent, or other liquid fire extinguishingmaterials to the surface of the hose assembly when pressurized, providesan additional thermal absorption capability by either direct coolingand/or evaporative cooling effects, in order to preserve the hoseassembly structural integrity when subjected to extreme heat exposure,burning brands or embers, and other firefighting conditions.

In the first refinement of the fifth embodiment of the currentinvention, whereby the hose leaks, weeps, seeps or percolates water,water with a foam inducing agent, or other liquid fire extinguishingmaterials to the surface of the hose assembly whenever the hose ispressurized or charged, the leakage, weeping or seepage is created byeither a pin-pricking or piercing device, or by a laser piercingprocess. This pin-pricking or laser piercing of the inner elastomericwaterproofing material that may be composed of either a vulcanizedrubber liner, a TPU liner, a TPR liner, or other elastomericwaterproofing material produced by an extrusion process, and may occureither before or after bonding the elastomeric waterproofing material tothe inner reinforcing high strength circular woven tubular fabric layer.

In a second refinement of the fifth embodiment of the current invention,the controlled leaking, weeping, seeping or percolating characteristicis created by incorporating an open cell blowing agent into the innerelastomeric waterproofing material that may be composed of either athermosetting rubber liner, a thermoplastic polyurethane liner, a TPRliner, or other elastomeric waterproofing material produced by anextrusion process before bonding the elastomeric waterproofing materialto the inner reinforcing high strength circular woven tubular fabriclayer. The cells created by the open cell blowing agent forms a networkor pathway of interconnected gas bubbles that will convey water, waterwith a foam inducing agent, or other liquid fire extinguishing materialsto the surface of the hose assembly whenever the hose is pressurized orcharged.

In a third refinement of the fifth embodiment of the current invention,the hose will exhibit controlled weeping, seeping or leaking only aftera specific threshold level of thermal exposure or assault is achieved,thereby minimizing the loss of water to the surface of the hose assemblyand delivering it to the end of the fire hose and/or nozzle in order toperform the primary function of extinguishing the fire. This is achievedwith a thermoplastic polyurethane liner, a TPR liner, or otherelastomeric waterproofing material by precisely dispersing a smallamount of a lower melt point, small particle size polymer within thehigher melt point base polymer, which will allow the lower melt point,small particle size polymer to melt at a lower temperature than the basepolymer, thereby causing a controlled weeping, leaking, seeping orpercolating effect on the surface of the hose and only in the area ofthe hose that is experiencing an elevated level of thermal exposure orassault.

Now refer specifically to FIG. 1, which shows an example of a hose 100with a thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) innermost layer 105 inaccordance with aspects of the present disclosure. Hose 100 may includeinnermost layer 105, adhesive layer 110, inner reinforcing layer 115,intermediate layer 120, and outer reinforcing layer 125.

Hose 100 may also include additional composite yarn or frictionspun/(DREF) yarn at one or more folding portions. Hose 100 may also bean example of an increased thickness or gauge of elastomericwaterproofing material at said folding portions. Hose 100 may be anexample of, or include aspects of, the corresponding elements describedwith reference to FIG. 2.

Innermost layer 105 may be an example of a hose innermost extrudedwaterproofing layer comprising an elastomeric material, the hose layerbeing bonded to, adhered to, or impregnated into or through the secondprotective layer. In some examples, the innermost extruded waterproofinglayer is within the inner protective and structural woven reinforcinglayer.

In some examples, the innermost extruded waterproofing layer is withinthe inner protective and structural woven reinforcing layer, and wherethe hose innermost extruded waterproofing layer comprises a plurality ofholes wherein the hose innermost extruded waterproofing later leaks,weeps, seeps or percolates in response to the heat resistant hose 100being pressurized. In some examples, said plurality of holes comprises aplurality of pricked holes. In some examples, said plurality of holescomprises a plurality of laser piercings. In some examples, saidplurality of holes comprise a plurality of open cells from an open cellblowing agent. In some examples, said plurality of holes comprise smallparticle size thermoplastic polymer of a lower melt point than a basethermoplastic polyurethane or thermoplastic rubber matrix, wherein theholes open when the heat resistant hose 100 is exposed to a temperaturein excess of a threshold temperature. Innermost layer 105 may be anexample of, or include aspects of, the corresponding elements describedwith reference to FIG. 2.

Adhesive layer 110 may be an example of, or include aspects of, thecorresponding elements described with reference to FIG. 2.

Inner reinforcing layer 115 may be an example of a second innerprotective and structural woven reinforcing layer comprising a secondtubular fabric structure. Inner reinforcing layer 115 may also comprisea second polyester or nylon warp yarn construction, wherein each strandis oriented parallel to a longitudinal hose axis. Inner reinforcinglayer 115 may also comprise a second polyester or nylon weft yarnconstruction, wherein each strand is oriented circumferentially orhelically relative to the longitudinal hose axis. In some examples, thesecond inner protective and structural woven reinforcing layer is withinthe first outer protective and structural woven reinforcing layer.

Inner reinforcing layer 115 may also comprise a second highly heatresistant warp yarn, wherein each strand is oriented parallel to alongitudinal hose axis. Inner reinforcing layer 115 may also comprise asecond highly heat resistant weft yarn, wherein each strand is orientedcircumferentially or helically relative to the longitudinal hose axis.In some examples, said second inner protective and structural wovenreinforcing layer comprises a polymer-based material formulation. Insome examples, said polymer-based material formulation includes a flameresistant, a flame retardant, or an intumescent material. In someexamples, said polymer-based material formulation includes a reflectivepigment. Inner reinforcing layer 115 may be an example of, or includeaspects of, the corresponding elements described with reference to FIG.2.

Intermediate layer 120 may be interposed between the first outerprotective and structural woven reinforcing layer and the second innerprotective and structural woven reinforcing layer, the intermediatelayer 120 comprising a fabric laminated with a reflective material. Insome examples, said intermediate layer 120 comprises a reflective foil.In some examples, said intermediate layer 120 comprises a tubular wovenstructure. In some examples, said intermediate layer 120 comprises aflat woven structure formed into a tube and stitched with a sewn seamrunning along the length of the tube. In some examples, saidintermediate layer 120 comprises a flat non-woven structure formed intoa tube and stitched with a sewn seam running along the length of thetube. Intermediate layer 120 may be an example of, or include aspectsof, the corresponding elements described with reference to FIG. 2.

Outer reinforcing layer 125 may be an example of a first outerprotective and structural woven reinforcing layer comprising a firsttubular fabric structure. Outer reinforcing layer 125 may also comprisea first polyester or nylon warp yarn construction, wherein each strandis oriented parallel to a longitudinal hose axis. Outer reinforcinglayer 125 may comprise a first polyester or nylon weft yarnconstruction, wherein each strand is oriented circumferentially orhelically relative to the longitudinal hose axis. In some examples, saidfirst outer protective and structural woven reinforcing layer comprisesa tell-tale failure point indicator. In some examples, said firstpolyester or nylon warp yarn comprises a DREF yarn. In some examples,said first polyester or nylon weft yarn comprises the DREF yarn.

In some examples, said first outer protective and structural wovenreinforcing layer comprises a tell-tale failure point indicator. In someexamples, said first polyester or nylon weft yarn comprises an increaseddenier at said folding portions. In some examples, said first outerprotective and structural woven reinforcing layer comprises apolymer-based material formulation. In some examples, said polymer-basedmaterial formulation includes a flame resistant, a flame retardant, oran intumescent material. In some examples, said polymer-based materialformulation includes a temperature sensitive thermo-chromatic pigment.In some examples, said polymer-based material formulation includes areflective pigment. In some examples, said polymer-based materialformulation includes a photo-luminescent pigment. In some examples, saidpolymer-based material formulation includes retro-reflective pigment.

Outer reinforcing layer 125 may comprise a first highly heat resistantwarp yarn, wherein each strand is oriented parallel to a longitudinalhose axis. Outer reinforcing layer 125 may also comprise a first highlyheat resistant weft yarn, wherein each strand is orientedcircumferentially or helically relative to the longitudinal hose axis.Outer reinforcing layer 125 may be an example of, or include aspects of,the corresponding elements described with reference to FIG. 2.

FIG. 2 shows an example of a hose 200 with a rubber innermost layer 205in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure. Hose 200 mayinclude innermost layer 205, adhesive or bonding layer 210, innerreinforcing layer 215, intermediate layer 220, and outer reinforcinglayer 225. Hose 200 and its constituent parts may be an example of, orinclude aspects of, the corresponding elements described with referenceto FIG. 1. However, hose 200 of FIG. 2 illustrates an example in whichthe innermost layer 205 is made of rubber instead of TPU (as in FIG. 1).Other suitable materials may also be used for innermost layer 205 andother layers of hose 200.

FIG. 3 shows an example of a process for producing a heat resistant hosein accordance with aspects of the present disclosure. In some examples,these operations may be performed by a manufacturing system including aprocessor executing a set of codes to control functional elements of anapparatus. Additionally, or alternatively, the processes may beperformed using special-purpose hardware. Generally, these operationsmay be performed according to the methods and processes described inaccordance with aspects of the present disclosure. For example, theoperations may be composed of various sub-steps, or may be performed inconjunction with other operations described herein.

At step 300, the system may provide a first outer protective andstructural woven reinforcing layer comprising a first tubular fabricstructure. In some cases, the operations of this step may refer to anouter reinforcing layer as described with reference to FIGS. 1 and 2.

At step 305, the system may provide a first polyester or nylon warp yarnconstruction of the first outer protective and structural wovenreinforcing layer, wherein each strand is oriented parallel to alongitudinal hose axis. In some cases, the operations of this step mayrefer to an outer reinforcing layer as described with reference to FIGS.1 and 2.

At step 310, the system may provide a first polyester or nylon weft yarnconstruction of the first outer protective and structural wovenreinforcing layer, wherein each strand is oriented circumferentially orhelically relative to the longitudinal hose axis. In some cases, theoperations of this step may refer to an outer reinforcing layer asdescribed with reference to FIGS. 1 and 2.

At step 315, the system may provide a second inner protective andstructural woven reinforcing layer comprising a second tubular fabricstructure comprising. In some cases, the operations of this step mayrefer to an inner reinforcing layer as described with reference to FIGS.1 and 2.

At step 320, the system may provide a second polyester or nylon warpyarn construction of the second inner protective and structural wovenreinforcing layer, wherein each strand is oriented parallel to alongitudinal hose axis. In some cases, the operations of this step mayrefer to an inner reinforcing layer as described with reference to FIGS.1 and 2.

At step 325, the system may provide a second polyester or nylon weftyarn construction of the second inner protective and structural wovenreinforcing layer, wherein each strand is oriented circumferentially orhelically relative to the longitudinal hose axis. In some cases, theoperations of this step may refer to an inner reinforcing layer asdescribed with reference to FIGS. 1 and 2.

At step 330, the system may provide a hose innermost extrudedwaterproofing layer comprising an elastomeric material, the hose layerbeing bonded to, adhered to, or impregnated into or through the secondprotective layer. In some cases, the operations of this step may referto an innermost layer as described with reference to FIGS. 1 and 2.

At step 335, the system may provide an intermediate layer interposedbetween the first outer protective and structural woven reinforcinglayer and the second inner protective and structural woven reinforcinglayer, the intermediate layer comprising a fabric laminated with areflective material. In some cases, the operations of this step mayrefer to an intermediate layer as described with reference to FIGS. 1and 2.

FIG. 4 shows an example of a process for producing a heat resistant hosein accordance with aspects of the present disclosure. In some examples,these operations may be performed by a manufacturing system including aprocessor executing a set of codes to control functional elements of anapparatus. Additionally, or alternatively, the processes may beperformed using special-purpose hardware. Generally, these operationsmay be performed according to the methods and processes described inaccordance with aspects of the present disclosure. For example, theoperations may be composed of various substeps, or may be performed inconjunction with other operations described herein.

At step 400, the system may provide a first outer protective andstructural woven reinforcing layer comprising a first tubular fabricstructure.

At step 405, the system may provide a first polyester or nylon warp yarnconstruction of the first outer protective and structural wovenreinforcing layer, wherein each strand is oriented parallel to alongitudinal hose axis.

At step 410, the system may provide a first polyester or nylon weft yarnconstruction of the first outer protective and structural wovenreinforcing layer, wherein each strand is oriented circumferentially orhelically relative to the longitudinal hose axis.

At step 415, the system may provide a second inner protective andstructural woven reinforcing layer comprising a second tubular fabricstructure comprising.

At step 420, the system may provide a second highly heat resistant warpyarn of the second inner protective and structural woven reinforcinglayer, wherein each strand is oriented parallel to a longitudinal hoseaxis. In some cases, the operations of this step may refer to an innerreinforcing layer as described with reference to FIGS. 1 and 2.

At step 425, the system may provide a second highly heat resistant weftyarn of the second inner protective and structural woven reinforcinglayer, wherein each strand is oriented circumferentially or helicallyrelative to the longitudinal hose axis. In some cases, the operations ofthis step may refer to an inner reinforcing layer as described withreference to FIGS. 1 and 2.

At step 430, the system may provide a hose innermost extrudedwaterproofing layer comprising an elastomeric material, the hose layerbeing bonded to, adhered to, or impregnated into or through the secondprotective layer.

At step 435, the system may provide an intermediate layer interposedbetween the first outer protective and structural woven reinforcinglayer and the second inner protective and structural woven reinforcinglayer, the intermediate layer comprising a fabric laminated with areflective foil or other reflective material.

FIG. 5 shows an example of a process for producing a heat resistant hosein accordance with aspects of the present disclosure. In some examples,these operations may be performed by a manufacturing system including aprocessor executing a set of codes to control functional elements of anapparatus. Additionally, or alternatively, the processes may beperformed using special-purpose hardware. Generally, these operationsmay be performed according to the methods and processes described inaccordance with aspects of the present disclosure. For example, theoperations may be composed of various substeps, or may be performed inconjunction with other operations described herein.

At step 500, the system may provide a first outer protective andstructural woven reinforcing layer comprising a first tubular fabricstructure.

At step 505, the system may provide a first highly heat resistant warpyarn of the first outer protective and structural woven reinforcinglayer, wherein each strand is oriented parallel to a longitudinal hoseaxis. In some cases, the operations of this step may refer to an outerreinforcing layer as described with reference to FIGS. 1 and 2.

At step 510, the system may provide a first highly heat resistant weftyarn of the first outer protective and structural woven reinforcinglayer, wherein each strand is oriented circumferentially or helicallyrelative to the longitudinal hose axis. In some cases, the operations ofthis step may refer to an outer reinforcing layer as described withreference to FIGS. 1 and 2.

At step 515, the system may provide a second inner protective andstructural woven reinforcing layer comprising a second tubular fabricstructure comprising.

At step 520, the system may provide a second highly heat resistant warpyarn of the second inner protective and structural woven reinforcinglayer, wherein each strand is oriented parallel to a longitudinal hoseaxis.

At step 525, the system may provide a second highly heat resistant weftyam of the second inner protective and structural woven reinforcinglayer, wherein each strand is oriented circumferentially or helicallyrelative to the longitudinal hose axis.

At step 530, the system may provide a hose innermost extrudedwaterproofing layer comprising an elastomeric material, the hose layerbeing bonded to, adhered to, or impregnated into or through the secondprotective layer.

At step 535, the system may provide an intermediate layer interposedbetween the first outer protective and structural woven reinforcinglayer and the second inner protective and structural woven reinforcinglayer, the intermediate layer comprising a fabric laminated with areflective foil or other reflective material.

The description and drawings described herein represent exampleconfigurations and do not represent all the implementations within thescope of the claims. For example, the operations and steps may berearranged, combined or otherwise modified. Also, structures and devicesmay be represented in the form of block diagrams to represent therelationship between components and avoid obscuring the describedconcepts. Similar components or features may have the same name but mayhave different reference numbers corresponding to different figures.

Some modifications to the disclosure may be readily apparent to thoseskilled in the art, and the principles defined herein may be applied toother variations without departing from the scope of the disclosure.Thus, the disclosure is not limited to the examples and designsdescribed herein but is to be accorded the broadest scope consistentwith the principles and novel features disclosed herein.

In this disclosure and the following claims, the word “or” indicates aninclusive list such that, for example, the list of X, Y, or Z means X orY or Z or XY or XZ or YZ or XYZ. Also, the phrase “based on” is not usedto represent a closed set of conditions. For example, a step that isdescribed as “based on condition A” may be based on both condition A andcondition B. In other words, the phrase “based on” shall be construed tomean “based at least in part on.”

What is claimed is:
 1. A heat resistant hose, comprising: a first outerprotective and structural woven reinforcing layer comprising a firsttubular fabric structure comprising: a first highly heat resistantpolyester or nylon warp yarn wherein each strand is oriented parallel toa longitudinal hose axis; and a first highly heat resistant polyester ornylon weft yarn wherein each strand is oriented circumferentially orhelically relative to the longitudinal hose axis; a second innerprotective and structural woven reinforcing layer comprising a firsttubular fabric structure comprising: a second highly heat resistantpolyester or nylon warp yarn wherein each strand is oriented parallel toa longitudinal hose axis; and a second highly heat resistant polyesteror nylon weft yarn wherein each strand is oriented circumferentially orhelically relative to the longitudinal hose axis; wherein the secondprotective layer is within the first protective layer; the hose furthercomprising an innermost extruded waterproofing layer comprising anelastomeric material, the innermost extruded waterproofing layer beingbonded to, adhered to, or impregnated into the second protective layer;wherein the innermost extruded waterproofing layer is within the innerprotective and structural woven reinforcing layer; and an intermediatelayer interposed between the first outer protective and structural wovenreinforcing layer and the second inner protective and structural wovenreinforcing layer, the intermediate layer comprising a fabric laminatedwith a reflective material.
 2. The hose of claim 1, wherein saidintermediate layer comprises said reflective material comprising areflective foil.
 3. The hose of claim 1 wherein said first outerprotective and structural woven reinforcing layer comprises a tell-talefailure point indicator.
 4. The hose of claim 1 wherein said firstpolyester or nylon weft yarn comprises strands that are wrapped in awrapping yarn.
 5. The hose of claim 4 wherein said wrapping yam is aDREF yarn.
 6. The hose of claim 4 wherein said wrapping yarn is a yarnother than a DREF yarn.
 7. The hose of claim 4 wherein said firstpolyester or nylon warp yam comprises strands that are wrapped in thewrapping yarn.
 8. The hose of claim 7 wherein said wrapping yam is aDREF yarn.
 9. The hose of claim 7 wherein said wrapping yarn is a yarnother than a DREF yarn.
 10. The hose of claim 1 comprising a pair oflongitudinal folding portions running the length of the heat resistanthose.
 11. The hose of claim 10 comprising additional composite yam orDREF yarn at said folding portions.
 12. The hose of claim 10 comprisingan elastomeric waterproofing material at said folding portions.
 13. Thehose of claim 1 wherein said first outer protective and structural wovenreinforcing layer comprises a polymer-based material formulation. 14.The hose of claim 13 wherein said polymer-based material formulationincludes a flame resistant, a flame retardant, or an intumescentmaterial.
 15. The hose of claim 14 wherein said polymer-based materialformulation includes a temperature sensitive thermo-chromatic pigment.16. The hose of claim 13 wherein said polymer-based material formulationincludes a reflective pigment.
 17. The hose of claim 13 wherein saidpolymer-based material formulation includes a photo-luminescent pigment.18. The hose of claim 13 wherein said polymer-based material formulationincludes retro-reflective pigment.
 19. The hose of claim 1 wherein saidsecond inner protective and structural woven reinforcing layer comprisesa polymer-based material formulation.
 20. The hose of claim 19 whereinsaid polymer-based material formulation includes a flame resistant, aflame retardant, or an intumescent material.
 21. The hose of claim 19wherein said polymer-based material formulation includes a reflectivepigment.
 22. A method of manufacturing a hose, the method comprising:providing a first outer protective and structural woven reinforcinglayer comprising a first tubular fabric structure; providing a firsthighly heat resistant warp yam of the first outer protective andstructural woven reinforcing layer, wherein each strand is orientedparallel to a longitudinal hose axis; providing a first highly heatresistant weft yarn of the first outer protective and structural wovenreinforcing layer, wherein each strand is oriented circumferentially orhelically relative to the longitudinal hose axis; providing a secondinner protective and structural woven reinforcing layer comprising asecond tubular fabric structure; providing a second highly heatresistant warp yam of the second inner protective and structural wovenreinforcing layer, wherein each strand is oriented parallel to alongitudinal hose axis; providing a second highly heat resistant weftyam of the second inner protective and structural woven reinforcinglayer, wherein each strand is oriented circumferentially or helicallyrelative to the longitudinal hose axis; wherein the second innerprotective and structural woven reinforcing layer is within the firstouter protective and structural woven reinforcing layer; the methodfurther comprising providing an innermost extruded waterproofing layercomprising an elastomeric material, the innermost extruded waterproofinglayer being bonded to, adhered to, or impregnated into or through thesecond protective layer; wherein the innermost extruded waterproofinglayer is within the inner protective and structural woven reinforcinglayer; and the method further comprising providing an intermediate layerinterposed between the first outer protective and structural wovenreinforcing layer and the second inner protective and structural wovenreinforcing layer, the intermediate layer comprising a fabric laminatedwith a reflective material.